There are several viruses that cause hepatitis, which refers to inflammation of the liver. You can reduce your risk of getting hepatitis by avoiding risky behaviors such as Examples include sharing needles, unprotected sex, and heavy drinking. There are two types of vaccines in America.
What is Viral Hepatitis | What is the leading cause of hepatitis?
Overview
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. Inflammation is the tissue's response to irritation or injury and generally causes swelling and pain.
There are several causes of hepatitis. Viral hepatitis is caused by a virus and can be either acute (less than 6 months) or chronic (more than 6 months). Viral hepatitis can be transmitted from person to person. Through sexual contact, some types of hepatitis occur
There are five known hepatitis viruses, classified by letters from A to E.
Several viruses are known to cause hepatitis. Common forms of viral hepatitis are:
• Hepatitis A: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that there were approximately 2,007 cases of acute hepatitis A infection in the United States in 2016. This type of hepatitis does not cause chronic infections and usually does not cause complications.
The liver usually heals within months of hepatitis A. However, there have been occasional deaths from hepatitis A due to liver failure, and some people have required liver transplants for acute hepatitis A infection. By vaccination, hepatitis can be prevented.
• Hepatitis B: About 22,000 people were newly infected with hepatitis B in 2017, and about 900,000 people in the United States are infected with hepatitis B. About 95% of adults recover from hepatitis B and do not develop chronic infection. However, a small number of cases cause lifelong chronic infections. The earlier hepatitis B is acquired, the more likely it is to become chronic. People can carry the virus without getting sick, but they still spread it. Hepatitis B can be prevented by vaccination.
• Hepatitis C: The most common cause of liver disease in the United States is hepatitis C which was once the main reason for liver transplantation. Approximately 75% to 85% of people with hepatitis C develop a chronic liver infection. About 2.4 million people in U
S. is presumed to have chronic hepatitis C infection. It is often asymptomatic. For the prevention of hepatitis C, there is no proper medication
• Hepatitis D: people infected with the hepatitis B virus are at significant risk of hepatitis D virus. Hepatitis B vaccination protects against the hepatitis D virus.
• Hepatitis E: This type of hepatitis is transmitted by ingesting contaminated food or water. Hepatitis E is spreading all over the world. Vaccines are available, but not everywhere.
Medical professionals may not be able to identify one virus that causes hepatitis. Other viruses such as HSV, CMV, and EBV can also cause hepatitis.
Most people recover from hepatitis, and the disease is usually preventable.
• May destroy liver tissue.
• Can spread among people
• Lowers the body's immune system.
• Cause liver failure
• cause liver cancer.
• Cause of death (rare).
How is hepatitis spread?
Hepatitis A can be transmitted through food or drinking water that carries the virus through the feces of an infected person. (Faecal-oral route.) Hepatitis A can also be transmitted through sexual contact.
people can become infected with hepatitis B in many ways, including:
• Share dirty needles.
• Direct contact with infected blood.
• Needlestick injury.
• Transmission from mother to fetus.
• contact with affected persons (sex)
An infected mother is at increased risk of transmitting her hepatitis B infection to her child during or after birth. Every pregnant woman should have her hepatitis B tested. An infant born to a mother with hepatitis B should be treated with her hepatitis B antibodies and her hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth. This helps prevent the transmission of hepatitis B from mother to baby
Hepatitis C can also be transmitted from:
• Sharing dirty needles.
• Direct contact with the blood of infected persons
• Causes a needlestick injury.
• sex with infected persons
Blood products are now tested for hepatitis B and C daily, so it is unlikely that you will get hepatitis from receiving blood products. However, organ transplants or blood transfusions prior to 1992 may not have been tested for hepatitis (particularly hepatitis C). If you had surgery before 1992, it is recommended that you be tested for hepatitis.
Additionally, those born in the United States between 1945 and 1965 (baby boomers) are at increased risk of contracting hepatitis C. If you are also in this group, you should be screened for hepatitis C even if you are not at risk for any of the above factors. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has expanded its one-time screening for hepatitis C to adults from age 18 to age 79, but its recommendations have yet to be finalized.
Hepatitis D is transmitted by:
• from mother to child during childbirth transmission
• Interaction with blood or body fluids
if you have hepatitis B you can get hepatitis D. Hepatitis D is less common in the US
Hepatitis E is transmitted by drinking or eating food or water contaminated with the virus (fecal-oral route). Undercooked foods such as shellfish, venison, and pork can cause infection. Hepatitis E is not common in the United States but can occur after traveling to countries where the infection is common. Hepatitis E is especially dangerous and even fatal for pregnant women.
What are the main symptoms of hepatitis? The most common symptoms of hepatitis are:
• Dark urine.
• Stomach pain.
• Yellow skin or whites of the eyes are called jaundice.
• Clay or pale yellow stools.
• Mild fever.
• Anorexia.
• Fatigue.
• Stomach Problems
• Joint Pain
see your doctor as soon as possible if you have the following symptoms
How is hepatitis diagnosed?
The will ask you about your symptoms and do a physical examination. There are several blood tests that can determine whether hepatitis is caused by a virus.
Can hepatitis be treated effectively?
There is no cure for hepatitis A other than careful monitoring of liver function. If hepatitis A is found early, the hepatitis A vaccine or an immune globulin called hepatitis A may stop the infection.
Hepatitis B, when chronic, is often successfully treated. The drugs most commonly used to treat chronic hepatitis B are:
• Telbivudine (Tyzeka®).
• Tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy®).
• Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread®).
• Interferon alpha-2b (Intron A®).
• Peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys®).
Following drugs are used for hepatitis C:
• Simeprevir (Olysio®).
• Daklatasville (Daklinza®).
• Sofosbuvir (Solvady®); Sofusbuvir/Velpatasvir (Epclusa®); Sofusbuvir/Velpatasvir/Voxilaprevir (Vosevi®);
• paritaprevirombitasvir//ritonavir (Technivie®); ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/dasabuvir (Viekira® Pak, Viekira® XR).
• Elvasivir/glazoprevir (Zepatier®).
• Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (Mavyret®).
These new drugs are sometimes given with older drugs such as ribavirin, peginterferon alpha-2a, and peginterferon-2b. You may need to take these medicines for up to 6 months.
For chronic hepatitis D, doctors prescribe drugs containing interferon and may add hepatitis B drugs. Treatment for hepatitis E includes peginterferon alpha-2a and ribavirin.
Who is at risk of getting hepatitis?
• Inadequate food.
• Unprotected oral and/or anal sex.
• Having many sexual partners.
• Drinking large amounts of alcohol.
• Share needles for taking medicine.
• Work in a nursing home or hospital
• Underwent long-term kidney dialysis.
• Travel to areas with poor sanitation.
How can I protect myself from viral hepatitis?
There are many other ways to reduce your chances of getting hepatitis:
•against hepatitis A and B you must be vaccinated
• Use a condom when having sex for safe sex.
• Wash your hands with soap and water.
• Do not use an infected person's personal belongings.
• when getting a tattoo or body piercing be careful
• during traveling be careful to parts of the world with poor sanitation. (Be sure to get vaccinated.)
• Drink bottled water while traveling.
It is very important to take these precautions when engaging in dangerous activities. Also, take precautions if you work in nursing homes, residences, daycare centers, restaurants, or other environments where you may be in contact with others for extended periods of time and at risk of contracting the illness.
Is there a vaccine for hepatitis?
In the United States, hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccines are available. There is no vaccine for hepatitis C. You can get hepatitis D only if you have hepatitis B, so getting the hepatitis B vaccine can protect you from hepatitis D. FDA-approved hepatitis E vaccine No. Still, the hepatitis E vaccine is available overseas (such as in China).
OUTLOOK / FORECAST
What about hepatitis?
Hepatitis A and E usually only cause short-term (acute) infections that the body can overcome.
The others (B, C, and D) can also cause acute infections, but they can also cause long-term (chronic) infections. The chronic form is more dangerous. Non-E hepatitis is usually acute but can become chronic. improve your health
Most people recover completely from hepatitis, but it can take months for the liver to heal.
• Avoid drinking too much alcohol.
• Eat well.
• If you don't feel well, do some basic testing.
• Talk to your doctor about over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, supplements, and other medications to find out which ones to take and which ones to avoid until you recover.
For hepatitis, doctors also look for long-term liver damage, such as liver failure or cirrhosis. You may be asked to take other types of tests such as B. Liver function tests, (LFT) imaging, or possibly a liver biopsy.
Call your healthcare professional's office if you have questions, new symptoms, or worsening existing symptoms.
In the United States, hepatitis A, B, and C are the most common viral hepatitis. It doesn't matter how you got infected. It's important to take care of yourself after being diagnosed and be careful not to spread the infection to others.
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